The Jackson Laboratory

In vitro clinic: Low epididymal sperm concentration, many sperm have abnormally shaped heads, sperm tails are short, no sperm motility, no IVF success.

Histology evaluation: Abnormal spermiogenesis (see 1) characterized by abnormally shaped sperm heads and abnormal tail morphology.

Publication: Lessard C, Lothrop H, Schimenti JC, Handel MA. Mutagenesis-generated mouse models of human infertility with abnormal sperm. Hum Reprod. 2007 Jan;22(1):159-66. Epub 2006 Aug 18.

In vitro clinic: Very low epididymal sperm concentration, many sperm have abnormally shaped heads or no  heads, sperm tails are short or curled, no sperm motility, no IVF success.

Histology evaluation: Abnormal spermiogenesis (see 1) characterized by abnormally shaped spermatid heads and abnormal tail morphology.

Publication: Lessard C, Lothrop H, Schimenti JC, Handel MA. Mutagenesis-generated mouse models of human infertility with abnormal sperm. Hum Reprod. 2007 Jan;22(1):159-66. Epub 2006 Aug 18.

In vitro clinic: Very low testis weight, low seminal vesicle weight, no epididymal sperm recovered.

Histology evaluation: Abnormal spermiogenesis with accumulation of meiotic division-phase spermatocytes and degenerating round spermatids present in multinucleated cell bodies (see 1). 

In vitro clinic: Low epididymal sperm concentration, abnormally shaped sperm heads, low number of sperm with tails, very low sperm motility, very low IVF success.

Histology evaluation: Abnormal spermiogenesis, abnormal vesicles containing multiple spermatid heads present in seminiferous tubules (see 1) and epididymal lumen (see 2).

In vitro clinic:  Low seminal vesicle weight, low epididymal sperm concentration, abnormally shaped sperm heads with and without tails, very low sperm motility, very low IVF success. 

Histology evaluation:  Abnormal spermiogenesis (see1-3) with abnormal spermatid head shape (see 2), low number of elongating spermatids (see 3).

In vitro clinic:  Low testis weight, low seminal vesicle weight, low epididymal sperm concentration, abnormally shaped sperm heads with missing or short sperm tails, variable motility, very low IVF success.

Histology evaluation: Abnormal spermatogenesis (see 1-3) with low/abnormal spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Abnormal spermiogenesis with abnormal spermatid heads (see 2), low number of spermatids in testis lumen (see 3).

Hormone analysis: High levels of luteinizing hormone and testosterone.

In vitro clinic: Low testis weight, very low epididymal sperm concentration, abnormally shaped sperm heads with and without tails, very low motility, very low IVF success.

Histology evaluation: Abnormal spermiogenesis (see 1-3) with abnormal "hammer-head" shape of elongating spermatid heads (see2-3), low number of spermatids in testis lumen (see 2-3).

In vitro clinic:  Normal testis weight, low seminal vesicle weight, low epididymal sperm concentration, abnormally shaped sperm heads, sperm with kinked tails and without tails, very low sperm motility, very low IVF success.

Histology evaluation:  Abnormal spermiogenesis (see 1-3) with abnormal spermatid head shape (see 2-3).

In vitro clinic:  Low testis weight, very low epididymal sperm concentration, poor sperm motility, abnormally shaped sperm heads with short or absent tails, no IVF success.

Histology evaluation: Abnormal spermiogenesis with abnormal elongated spermatid heads (see 1-2), loss of sperm tails (see 1).

In vitro clinic: Low epididymal sperm concentration, low sperm motility, abnormally shaped sperm heads with short tails, poor IVF success. 

Histology evaluation: Primarily normal spermatogenesis.  Some abnormal spermiogenesis with abnormal spermatid head shape (see 1).

In vitro clinic: Low testes weight, very low epididymal sperm concentration, no sperm motility, abnormally shaped sperm heads with no tails, no IVF success. 

Histology evaluation: Abnormal spermiogenesis, with abnormal spermatid heads without tails (see 1-2), low number of spermatids in testis lumen (see 3).

In vitro clinic: low body weight, all epididymal sperm have abnormal head morphology, no IVF success. 

Histology evaluation: Abnormal spermiogenesis with abnormal shaped spermatid heads abundant in testis (see 1), few elongated spermatids in some tubules (see 2), severe spermatogenesis impairment in some tubules (see 3); abnormal cells in the epididymal lumen (see 4).

In vitro clinic: Very low testes weight, low seminal vesicle weight, generally no epididymal sperm but among those recovered, there is a high frequency of head abnormalities and low IVF success.

Histology evaluation: Abnormal spermiogenesis with few elongated spermatids (see 1), abnormal round cells with condensed nuclei in many tubules (see 2).

In vitro clinic:  Low epididymal sperm concentration, abnormal sperm heads, low IVF success.

Histology evaluation:  Abnormal spermiogenesis with elongated spermatid heads (see 1).

In vitro clinic: Low epididymal sperm concentration, low sperm motility, abnormal sperm head morphology, no IVF success.

Histology evaluation: Abnormal spermiogenesis, few spermatids (see1), abnormal sperm heads (see 2).

In vitro clinic: Oocytes commonly contain vacuoles; oocytes have low developmental competence to 2-cell and blastocyst stages.

Histology evaluation: Growing and degenerating oocytes commonly contain vacuoles (see 3-4)

In vitro clinic: Low body weight, variable epididymal sperm concentration, low sperm motility, low IVF success.

Histology evaluation: Spermatogenesis predominantly normal with some abnormal spermiogenesis reflected in spermatid heads.